---
summary: "CLI reference for `openclaw path` (inspect and edit workspace files via the `oc://` addressing scheme)"
read_when:
  - You want to read or write a leaf inside a workspace file from the terminal
  - You're scripting against workspace state and want a stable, kind-agnostic addressing scheme
  - You're debugging a `oc://` path (validate the syntax, see what it resolves to)
title: "Path"
---

# `openclaw path`

Shell access to the `oc://` addressing scheme: one kind-dispatched path syntax
for inspecting and editing addressable workspace files (markdown, jsonc,
jsonl, yaml/yml/lobster). Self-hosters, plugin authors, and editor extensions
use it to read, find, or update a narrow location without hand-rolling a
per-file parser.

`path` is provided by the bundled optional `oc-path` plugin. Enable it before
first use:

```bash
openclaw plugins enable oc-path
```

The CLI verbs mirror the addressing model:

- `resolve` is concrete and single-match.
- `find` is the multi-match verb for wildcards, unions, predicates, and
  positional expansion.
- `set` only accepts concrete paths or insertion markers; wildcard patterns
  are rejected before writing.
- `validate` parses a path with no filesystem access.
- `emit` round-trips a file through parse + emit (byte-fidelity diagnostic).

## Why use it

OpenClaw state is spread across human-edited markdown, commented JSONC
config, append-only JSONL logs, and YAML workflow/spec files. Scripts, hooks,
and agents often need one small value from those files: a frontmatter key, a
plugin setting, a log record field, a YAML step, or a bullet item under a
named section.

`openclaw path` gives those callers a stable address instead of a one-off
grep, regex, or parser per file kind. The same `oc://` path can be validated,
resolved, searched, dry-run, and written from the terminal, which keeps narrow
automation reviewable and replayable. It preserves the rest of the file, so
writing one leaf does not disturb its comments, line endings, or nearby
formatting.

Use it when the thing you want has a logical address, but the file shape
varies:

- A hook reads one setting from commented JSONC without losing comments when
  it writes the value back.
- A maintenance script finds every matching event field in a JSONL log
  without loading the whole log into a custom parser.
- An editor jumps to a markdown section or bullet item by slug, then renders
  the exact line it resolved to.
- An agent dry-runs a small workspace edit before applying it, with the
  changed bytes visible in review.

Skip `openclaw path` for ordinary whole-file edits, rich config migrations, or
memory-specific writes; those should use the owner command or plugin. `path`
is for small, addressable file operations where a repeatable terminal command
beats another bespoke parser.

## How it is used

Read one value from a human-edited config file:

```bash
openclaw path resolve 'oc://config.jsonc/plugins/github/enabled'
```

Preview a write without touching disk:

```bash
openclaw path set 'oc://config.jsonc/plugins/github/enabled' 'true' --dry-run
```

Find matching records in an append-only JSONL log:

```bash
openclaw path find 'oc://session.jsonl/[event=tool_call]/name'
```

Address an instruction in markdown by section and item instead of by line
number:

```bash
openclaw path resolve 'oc://AGENTS.md/runtime-safety/openclaw-gateway'
```

Validate a path in CI or a preflight script before the script reads or
writes:

```bash
openclaw path validate 'oc://AGENTS.md/tools/$last/risk'
```

These commands are meant to be copyable into shell scripts. Use `--json` when
a caller needs structured output and `--human` when a person is inspecting
the result.

## How it works

1. Parses the `oc://` address into slots: file, section, item, field, and an
   optional session query.
2. Chooses the file-kind adapter from the target extension (`.md`, `.jsonc`,
   `.json`, `.jsonl`, `.ndjson`, `.yaml`, `.yml`, `.lobster`).
3. Resolves the slots against that file kind's structure: markdown
   headings/items, JSONC object keys/array indexes, JSONL line records, or
   YAML map/sequence nodes.
4. For `set`, emits edited bytes through the same adapter so untouched parts
   of the file keep their comments, line endings, and nearby formatting where
   the kind supports it.

`resolve` and `set` require one concrete target. `find` is the exploratory
verb: it expands wildcards, unions, predicates, and ordinals into the concrete
matches you can inspect before choosing one to write.

## Subcommands

| Subcommand              | Purpose                                                                     |
| ----------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `resolve <oc-path>`     | Print the concrete match at the path (or "not found").                      |
| `find <pattern>`        | Enumerate matches for a wildcard / union / predicate path.                  |
| `set <oc-path> <value>` | Write a leaf or insertion target at a concrete path. Supports `--dry-run`.  |
| `validate <oc-path>`    | Parse-only; print the structural breakdown (file / section / item / field). |
| `emit <file>`           | Round-trip a file through parse + emit (byte-fidelity diagnostic).          |

## Global flags

| Flag            | Applies to                       | Purpose                                                                  |
| --------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `--cwd <dir>`   | `resolve`, `find`, `set`, `emit` | Resolve the file slot against this directory (default: `process.cwd()`). |
| `--file <path>` | `resolve`, `find`, `set`, `emit` | Override the file slot's resolved path (absolute access).                |
| `--json`        | all                              | Force JSON output (default when stdout is not a TTY).                    |
| `--human`       | all                              | Force human output (default when stdout is a TTY).                       |
| `--value-json`  | `set`                            | Parse `<value>` as JSON for JSON/JSONC/JSONL leaf replacement.           |
| `--dry-run`     | `set`                            | Print the bytes that would be written without writing.                   |
| `--diff`        | `set` (requires `--dry-run`)     | Print a unified diff instead of the full bytes.                          |

`validate` takes only `--json` / `--human`; it does no filesystem access, so
`--cwd` and `--file` do not apply.

## `oc://` syntax

```text
oc://FILE/SECTION/ITEM/FIELD?session=SCOPE
```

Slot rules: `field` requires `item`, and `item` requires `section`. Across
all four slots:

- **Quoted segments** — `"a/b.c"` survives `/` and `.` separators. Content is
  byte-literal; `"` and `\` are not allowed inside quotes. The file slot is
  also quote-aware: `oc://"skills/email-drafter"/Tools/$last` treats
  `skills/email-drafter` as a single file path.
- **Predicates** — `[k=v]`, `[k!=v]`, `[k<v]`, `[k<=v]`, `[k>v]`, `[k>=v]`.
  Numeric operators require both sides to coerce to finite numbers.
- **Unions** — `{a,b,c}` matches any of the alternatives.
- **Wildcards** — `*` (single sub-segment) and `**` (zero-or-more,
  recursive). `find` accepts these; `resolve` and `set` reject them as
  ambiguous.
- **Positional** — `$first` / `$last` resolve to the first / last index or
  declared key.
- **Ordinal** — `#N` for the Nth match by document order.
- **Insertion markers** — `+`, `+key`, `+nnn` for keyed / indexed insertion
  (use with `set`).
- **Session scope** — `?session=cron-daily` etc. Orthogonal to slot nesting.
  Session values are raw, not percent-decoded; they may not contain control
  characters or reserved query delimiters (`?`, `&`, `%`).

Reserved characters (`?`, `&`, `%`) outside quoted, predicate, or union
segments are rejected. Control characters (U+0000-U+001F, U+007F) are
rejected anywhere, including the `session` query value.

`formatOcPath(parseOcPath(path)) === path` is guaranteed for canonical paths.
Non-canonical query parameters are ignored except for the first non-empty
`session=` value.

Hard limits: a path caps at 4096 bytes, at most 4 slots (file/section/item/
field), at most 64 dotted sub-segments per slot, and at most 256 nested
traversal levels for deep JSON paths. Separately, any JSONC/JSON file input
over 16 MiB is refused with a parse diagnostic instead of being parsed, for
any verb that loads that file.

## Addressing by file kind

| Kind          | File extensions             | Addressing model                                                                                    |
| ------------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Markdown      | `.md`                       | H2 sections by slug, bullet items by slug or `#N`, frontmatter via `[frontmatter]`.                 |
| JSONC/JSON    | `.jsonc`, `.json`           | Object keys and array indexes; dots split nested sub-segments unless quoted.                        |
| JSONL         | `.jsonl`, `.ndjson`         | Top-level line addresses (`L1`, `L2`, `$first`, `$last`), then JSONC-style descent inside the line. |
| YAML/.lobster | `.yaml`, `.yml`, `.lobster` | Map keys and sequence indexes; comments and flow style are handled by the YAML document API.        |

`resolve` returns a structured match: `root`, `node`, `leaf`, or
`insertion-point`, with a 1-based line number. Leaf values are surfaced as
text plus a `leafType` so plugin authors can render previews without
depending on the per-kind AST shape.

## Mutation contract

`set` writes one concrete target:

- Markdown frontmatter values and `- key: value` item fields are string
  leaves. Markdown insertions append sections, frontmatter keys, or section
  items and render a canonical markdown shape for the changed file. Section
  bodies are not writable as a whole through `set`.
- JSONC leaf writes coerce the string value to the existing leaf type
  (`string`, finite `number`, `true`/`false`, or `null`). Use `--value-json`
  when a JSONC/JSON/JSONL leaf replacement should parse `<value>` as JSON and
  may change shape, such as replacing a string secret-ref shorthand with an
  object. JSONC object and array insertions parse `<value>` as JSON and use
  the `jsonc-parser` edit path for ordinary leaf writes, preserving comments
  and nearby formatting.
- JSONL leaf writes coerce like JSONC inside a line. Whole-line replacement
  and append parse `<value>` as JSON. Rendered JSONL preserves the file's
  dominant LF/CRLF line-ending convention (majority vote across the file's
  newlines, so a mostly-CRLF file stays CRLF even with a few stray LFs).
- YAML leaf writes coerce to the existing scalar type (`string`, finite
  `number`, `true`/`false`, or `null`). YAML insertions use the bundled
  `yaml` package's document API for map/sequence updates. Malformed YAML
  documents with parser errors are refused before mutation with
  `parse-error`.

Use `--dry-run` before user-visible writes when the exact bytes matter. JSONC
and YAML edits patch the existing document (via `jsonc-parser` or the `yaml`
document API), so untouched bytes usually survive; markdown rebuilds the file
from its parsed structure on any edit, which can normalize incidental
formatting outside the changed leaf. Add `--diff` when you want the preview
as a focused before/after patch instead of the full rendered file.

## Examples

```bash
# Validate a path (no filesystem access)
openclaw path validate 'oc://AGENTS.md/Tools/$last/risk'

# Read a leaf
openclaw path resolve 'oc://gateway.jsonc/version'

# Wildcard search
openclaw path find 'oc://session.jsonl/*/event' --file ./logs/session.jsonl

# Dry-run a write
openclaw path set 'oc://gateway.jsonc/version' '2.0' --dry-run

# Dry-run a write as a unified diff
openclaw path set 'oc://gateway.jsonc/version' '2.0' --dry-run --diff

# Apply the write
openclaw path set 'oc://gateway.jsonc/version' '2.0'

# Byte-fidelity round-trip (diagnostic)
openclaw path emit ./AGENTS.md
```

More grammar examples:

```bash
# Quote keys containing / or .
openclaw path resolve 'oc://config.jsonc/agents.defaults.models/"anthropic/claude-opus-4-7"/alias'

# Deep JSON/JSONC paths can use slash segments; they normalize to dotted subsegments
openclaw path set 'oc://openclaw.json/agents/list/0/tools/exec/security' 'allowlist' --dry-run

# Replace a JSONC leaf with a parsed object
openclaw path set 'oc://openclaw.json/gateway/auth/token' '{"source":"file","provider":"secrets","id":"/test"}' --value-json --dry-run

# Predicate search over JSONC children
openclaw path find 'oc://config.jsonc/plugins/[enabled=true]/id'

# Insert into a JSONC array
openclaw path set 'oc://config.jsonc/items/+1' '{"id":"new","enabled":true}' --dry-run

# Insert a JSONC object key
openclaw path set 'oc://config.jsonc/plugins/+github' '{"enabled":true}' --dry-run

# Append a JSONL event
openclaw path set 'oc://session.jsonl/+' '{"event":"checkpoint","ok":true}' --file ./logs/session.jsonl

# Resolve the last JSONL value line
openclaw path resolve 'oc://session.jsonl/$last/event' --file ./logs/session.jsonl

# Resolve a YAML workflow step
openclaw path resolve 'oc://workflow.yaml/steps/0/id'

# Update a YAML scalar
openclaw path set 'oc://workflow.yaml/steps/$last/id' 'classify-renamed' --dry-run

# Address markdown frontmatter
openclaw path resolve 'oc://AGENTS.md/[frontmatter]/name'

# Insert markdown frontmatter
openclaw path set 'oc://AGENTS.md/[frontmatter]/+description' 'Agent instructions' --dry-run

# Find markdown item fields
openclaw path find 'oc://SKILL.md/Tools/*/send_email'

# Validate a session-scoped path
openclaw path validate 'oc://AGENTS.md/Tools/$last/risk?session=cron-daily'
```

## Recipes by file kind

The same five verbs work across kinds; the addressing scheme dispatches on
the file extension.

### Markdown

```text
<!-- frontmatter.md -->
---
name: drafter
description: email drafting agent
tier: core
---
## Tools
- gh: GitHub CLI
- curl: HTTP client
- send_email: enabled
```

```bash
$ openclaw path resolve 'oc://x.md/[frontmatter]/tier' --file frontmatter.md --human
leaf @ L4: "core" (string)

$ openclaw path resolve 'oc://x.md/tools/gh/gh' --file frontmatter.md --human
leaf @ L9: "GitHub CLI" (string)

$ openclaw path find 'oc://x.md/tools/*' --file frontmatter.md --human
3 matches for oc://x.md/tools/*:
  oc://x.md/tools/gh           →  node @ L9 [md-item]
  oc://x.md/tools/curl         →  node @ L10 [md-item]
  oc://x.md/tools/send-email   →  node @ L11 [md-item]
```

The `[frontmatter]` predicate addresses the YAML frontmatter block; `tools`
matches the `## Tools` heading via slug, and item leaves keep their slug form
even when the source uses underscores (`send_email` becomes `send-email`).

### JSONC

```text
// config.jsonc
{
  "plugins": {
    "github": {"enabled": true, "role": "vcs"},
    "slack":  {"enabled": false, "role": "chat"}
  }
}
```

```bash
$ openclaw path resolve 'oc://config.jsonc/plugins/github/enabled' --file config.jsonc --human
leaf @ L4: "true" (boolean)

$ openclaw path set 'oc://config.jsonc/plugins/slack/enabled' 'true' --file config.jsonc --dry-run
--dry-run: would write 142 bytes to /…/config.jsonc
{
  "plugins": {
    "github": {"enabled": true, "role": "vcs"},
    "slack":  {"enabled": true, "role": "chat"}
  }
}
```

JSONC edits go through `jsonc-parser`, so comments and whitespace survive a
`set`. Run with `--dry-run` first to inspect the bytes before committing.
`.json` files use the same adapter and edit path as `.jsonc`.

### JSONL

```text
{"event":"start","userId":"u1","ts":1}
{"event":"action","userId":"u1","ts":2}
{"event":"end","userId":"u1","ts":3}
```

```bash
$ openclaw path find 'oc://session.jsonl/[event=action]/userId' --file session.jsonl --human
1 match for oc://session.jsonl/[event=action]/userId:
  oc://session.jsonl/L2/userId  →  leaf @ L2: "u1" (string)

$ openclaw path resolve 'oc://session.jsonl/L2/ts' --file session.jsonl --human
leaf @ L2: "2" (number)
```

Each line is a record. Address by predicate (`[event=action]`) when you do
not know the line number, or by the canonical `LN` segment when you do.
`.ndjson` files use the same adapter as `.jsonl`.

### YAML

```text
# workflow.yaml
name: inbox-triage
steps:
  - id: fetch
    command: gmail.search
  - id: classify
    command: openclaw.invoke
```

```bash
$ openclaw path resolve 'oc://workflow.yaml/steps/0/id' --file workflow.yaml --human
leaf @ L3: "fetch" (string)

$ openclaw path set 'oc://workflow.yaml/steps/$last/id' 'classify-renamed' --file workflow.yaml --dry-run
--dry-run: would write 99 bytes to /…/workflow.yaml
name: inbox-triage
steps:
  - id: fetch
    command: gmail.search
  - id: classify-renamed
    command: openclaw.invoke
```

YAML uses the `yaml` package's `Document` API rather than a hand-rolled
parser, so ordinary parse/emit round-trips preserve comments and authoring
shape while resolved paths use the same map-key / sequence-index model as
JSONC. The same adapter handles `.yaml`, `.yml`, and `.lobster` files.

## Subcommand reference

### `resolve <oc-path>`

Read a single leaf or node. Wildcards are rejected — use `find` for those.
Exits `0` on a match, `1` on a clean miss, `2` on a parse error or refused
pattern.

```bash
openclaw path resolve 'oc://AGENTS.md/tools/gh/risk' --human
openclaw path resolve 'oc://gateway.jsonc/server/port' --json
```

### `find <pattern>`

Enumerate every match for a wildcard / predicate / union pattern. Exits `0`
on at least one match, `1` on zero. File-slot wildcards are rejected with
`OC_PATH_FILE_WILDCARD_UNSUPPORTED` — pass a concrete file (multi-file
globbing is a follow-up feature).

```bash
openclaw path find 'oc://AGENTS.md/tools/**/risk'
openclaw path find 'oc://session.jsonl/[event=action]/userId'
openclaw path find 'oc://config.jsonc/plugins/{github,slack}/enabled'
```

### `set <oc-path> <value>`

Write a leaf. Pair with `--dry-run` to preview the bytes that would be
written without touching the file. Add `--diff` for a unified diff preview.
Exits `0` on a successful write, `1` if the substrate refuses (for example, a
sentinel guard hit), `2` on parse errors.

```bash
openclaw path set 'oc://gateway.jsonc/version' '2.0' --dry-run
openclaw path set 'oc://gateway.jsonc/version' '2.0' --dry-run --diff
openclaw path set 'oc://gateway.jsonc/version' '2.0'
openclaw path set 'oc://AGENTS.md/Tools/+gh/risk' 'low'
```

The `+key` insertion marker creates the named child if it does not already
exist; `+nnn` and bare `+` work for indexed and append insertion
respectively.

### `validate <oc-path>`

Parse-only check. No filesystem access. Useful when you want to confirm a
template path is well-formed before substituting variables, or when you want
the structural breakdown for debugging:

```bash
$ openclaw path validate 'oc://AGENTS.md/tools/gh' --human
valid: oc://AGENTS.md/tools/gh
  file:    AGENTS.md
  section: tools
  item:    gh
```

Exits `0` when valid, `1` when invalid (with a structured `code` and
`message`), `2` on argument errors.

### `emit <file>`

Round-trip a file through the per-kind parser and emitter. The output should
be byte-identical to the input on a sound file; divergence indicates a
parser bug or a sentinel hit. Useful for debugging substrate behavior on
real-world inputs.

```bash
openclaw path emit ./AGENTS.md
openclaw path emit ./gateway.jsonc --json
```

## Exit codes

| Code | Meaning                                                                    |
| ---- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `0`  | Success. (`resolve` / `find`: at least one match. `set`: write succeeded.) |
| `1`  | No match, or `set` rejected by the substrate (no system-level error).      |
| `2`  | Argument or parse error.                                                   |

## Output mode

`openclaw path` is TTY-aware: human-readable output on a terminal, JSON when
stdout is piped or redirected. `--json` and `--human` override the
auto-detection.

## Notes

- `set` writes bytes through the substrate's emit path, which applies the
  redaction-sentinel guard automatically. A leaf carrying
  `__OPENCLAW_REDACTED__` (verbatim or as a substring) is refused at write
  time.
- JSONC parsing and leaf edits use the plugin-local `jsonc-parser`
  dependency, so comments and formatting are preserved on ordinary leaf
  writes instead of going through a hand-rolled parser/re-render path.
- `path` is not aware of last-known-good (LKG) config tracking or recovery;
  that lifecycle is owned elsewhere. If a file you edit through `path` is
  also LKG-tracked, the next config read decides whether to promote or
  recover it; treat a `path` edit the same as any other direct write to
  that file.

## Related

- [CLI reference](/cli)
