Vendor OpenClaw source as Adolf fork baseline
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Adolf is a fork/vendored clone of github.com/openclaw/openclaw (v2026.6.11), free to diverge. Tree copied sans upstream .git; upstream remote added for future syncs. Node pinned to 24 (.nvmrc); engines already require >=22.19. Preserves docs/ARCHITECTURE.md. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01LeqyaxJF2nbRXJtae2kNB2
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docs/tools/creating-skills.md
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docs/tools/creating-skills.md
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---
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title: "Creating skills"
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sidebarTitle: "Creating skills"
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summary: "Build, test, and publish custom SKILL.md workspace skills for your OpenClaw agents."
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read_when:
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- You are creating a new custom skill
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- You need a quick starter workflow for SKILL.md-based skills
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- You want to use Skill Workshop to propose a skill for agent review
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---
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Skills teach the agent how and when to use tools. Each skill is a directory
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containing a `SKILL.md` file with YAML frontmatter and markdown instructions.
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OpenClaw loads skills from several roots in a defined [precedence order](/tools/skills#loading-order).
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## Create your first skill
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<Steps>
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<Step title="Create the skill directory">
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Skills live in your workspace `skills/` folder:
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```bash
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mkdir -p ~/.openclaw/workspace/skills/hello-world
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```
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You can group skills in subfolders for organization — the skill is still
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named by the `SKILL.md` frontmatter, not the folder path:
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```bash
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mkdir -p ~/.openclaw/workspace/skills/personal/hello-world
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# skill name is still "hello-world", invoked as /hello-world
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```
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</Step>
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<Step title="Write SKILL.md">
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The frontmatter defines metadata; the body gives the agent instructions.
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```markdown
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---
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name: hello-world
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description: A simple skill that prints a greeting.
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---
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# Hello World
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When the user asks for a greeting, use the `exec` tool to run:
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```bash
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echo "Hello from your custom skill!"
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```
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```
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Naming rules:
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- Use lowercase letters, digits, and hyphens for `name`.
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- Keep the directory name and frontmatter `name` aligned.
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- `description` is shown to the agent and in slash-command discovery —
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keep it one line and under 160 characters.
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</Step>
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<Step title="Verify the skill loaded">
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```bash
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openclaw skills list
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```
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OpenClaw watches `SKILL.md` files under skills roots by default. If the
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watcher is disabled or you are continuing an existing session, start a new
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one so the agent receives the refreshed list:
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```bash
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# From chat — archive current session and start fresh
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/new
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# Or restart the gateway
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openclaw gateway restart
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```
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</Step>
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<Step title="Test it">
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```bash
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openclaw agent --message "give me a greeting"
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```
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Or open a chat and ask the agent directly. Use `/skill hello-world` to
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invoke it explicitly by name.
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</Step>
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</Steps>
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## SKILL.md reference
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### Required fields
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| Field | Description |
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| ------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `name` | Unique slug using lowercase letters, digits, and hyphens |
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| `description` | One-line description shown to the agent and in discovery output |
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### Optional frontmatter keys
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| Field | Default | Description |
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| -------------------------- | ------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| `user-invocable` | `true` | Expose the skill as a user slash command |
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| `disable-model-invocation` | `false` | Keep the skill out of the agent's system prompt (still runs via `/skill`) |
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| `command-dispatch` | — | Set to `tool` to route the slash command directly to a tool, bypassing the model |
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| `command-tool` | — | Tool name to invoke when `command-dispatch: tool` is set |
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| `command-arg-mode` | `raw` | For tool dispatch, forwards the raw args string to the tool |
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| `homepage` | — | URL shown as "Website" in the macOS Skills UI |
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For gating fields (`requires.bins`, `requires.env`, etc.) see
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[Skills — Gating](/tools/skills#gating).
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### Using `{baseDir}`
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Reference files inside the skill directory without hardcoding paths — the
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agent resolves `{baseDir}` against the skill's own directory:
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```markdown
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Run the helper script at `{baseDir}/scripts/run.sh`.
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```
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## Adding conditional activation
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Gate your skill so it only loads when its dependencies are available:
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```markdown
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---
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name: gemini-search
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description: Search using Gemini CLI.
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metadata: { "openclaw": { "requires": { "bins": ["gemini"] }, "primaryEnv": "GEMINI_API_KEY" } }
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---
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```
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<AccordionGroup>
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<Accordion title="Gating options">
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| Key | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| `requires.bins` | All binaries must exist on `PATH` |
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| `requires.anyBins` | At least one binary must exist on `PATH` |
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| `requires.env` | Each env var must exist in the process or config |
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| `requires.config` | Each `openclaw.json` path must be truthy |
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| `os` | Platform filter: `["darwin"]`, `["linux"]`, `["win32"]` |
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| `always` | Set `true` to skip all gates and always include the skill |
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Full reference: [Skills — Gating](/tools/skills#gating).
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</Accordion>
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<Accordion title="Environment and API keys">
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Wire an API key to a skill entry in `openclaw.json`:
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```json5
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{
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skills: {
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entries: {
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"gemini-search": {
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enabled: true,
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apiKey: { source: "env", provider: "default", id: "GEMINI_API_KEY" },
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},
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},
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},
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}
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```
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The key is injected into the host process for that agent turn only.
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It does not reach the sandbox — see
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[sandboxed env vars](/tools/skills-config#sandboxed-skills-and-env-vars).
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</Accordion>
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</AccordionGroup>
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## Propose via Skill Workshop
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For agent-drafted skills or when you want operator review before a skill goes
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live, use [Skill Workshop](/tools/skill-workshop) proposals instead of writing
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`SKILL.md` directly.
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```bash
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# Propose a brand-new skill
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openclaw skills workshop propose-create \
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--name "hello-world" \
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--description "A simple skill that prints a greeting." \
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--proposal ./PROPOSAL.md
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# Propose an update to an existing skill
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openclaw skills workshop propose-update hello-world \
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--proposal ./PROPOSAL.md \
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--description "Updated greeting skill"
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```
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Use `--proposal-dir` when the proposal includes support files:
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```bash
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openclaw skills workshop propose-create \
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--name "hello-world" \
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--description "A simple skill that prints a greeting." \
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--proposal-dir ./hello-world-proposal/
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```
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The directory must contain `PROPOSAL.md` at its root. Support files go under
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`assets/`, `examples/`, `references/`, `scripts/`, or `templates/`.
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After review:
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```bash
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openclaw skills workshop inspect <proposal-id>
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openclaw skills workshop apply <proposal-id>
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```
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See [Skill Workshop](/tools/skill-workshop) for the full proposal lifecycle.
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## Publishing to ClawHub
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<Steps>
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<Step title="Ensure your SKILL.md is complete">
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Make sure `name`, `description`, and any `metadata.openclaw` gating fields
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are set. Add a `homepage` URL if you have a project page.
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</Step>
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<Step title="Install the standalone ClawHub CLI and log in">
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```bash
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npm i -g clawhub
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clawhub login
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```
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</Step>
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<Step title="Publish">
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```bash
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clawhub skill publish ./path/to/hello-world
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```
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Add `--version <version>` or `--owner <owner>` to override the inferred
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version or publish under a specific owner. See
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[ClawHub — Publishing](/clawhub/publishing) and
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[ClawHub CLI](/clawhub/cli) for the full flow, owner scoping, and other
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maintenance commands (`clawhub sync`, `clawhub skill rename`, ...).
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</Step>
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</Steps>
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## Best practices
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<Tip>
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- **Be concise** — instruct the model on *what* to do, not how to be an AI.
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- **Safety first** — if your skill uses `exec`, ensure prompts do not allow
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arbitrary command injection from untrusted input.
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- **Test locally** — use `openclaw agent --message "..."` before sharing.
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- **Use ClawHub** — browse community skills at [clawhub.ai](https://clawhub.ai)
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before building from scratch.
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</Tip>
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## Related
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<CardGroup cols={2}>
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<Card title="Skills reference" href="/tools/skills" icon="puzzle-piece">
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Loading order, gating, allowlists, and SKILL.md format.
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</Card>
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<Card title="Skill Workshop" href="/tools/skill-workshop" icon="flask">
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Proposal queue for agent-drafted skills.
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</Card>
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<Card title="Skills config" href="/tools/skills-config" icon="gear">
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Full `skills.*` config schema.
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</Card>
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<Card title="ClawHub" href="/clawhub" icon="cloud">
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Browse and publish skills on the public registry.
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</Card>
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<Card title="Building plugins" href="/plugins/building-plugins" icon="plug">
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Plugins can ship skills alongside the tools they document.
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</Card>
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</CardGroup>
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